現(xiàn)在完成時，過去發(fā)生并且已經完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果，過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。

基本結構：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞(done) 1.現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經擺好了.)

2.現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用. ①for+時段 　 ②since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從……以來） ③since+時段+ago ④since+從句（過去時） ⑤It is+時段+since+從句（過去時） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬間動詞（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接與for since 連用。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準確時間連用，(如表示過去的時間狀語） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.

4.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用 ,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑問）, just, before, recently,still, lately等: 　He has already obtained a scholarship.

5. 現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用, 如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:

6. 現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內的時間狀語連用, 如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:

7. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內重復發(fā)生的動作. We have had four texts this semester.

8. has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別 gone:去了沒回been to :去過 　been in：呆了很久

練一練：

1.Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful. A gone B been C went D go

2.Her brother _____the Party since 1978. A joined B has joined C has been in D was in

3.The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit

4.I'm sorry, I ____ your name. A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten

5.The bookshop _____ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened Chas opened D has open

1. B 2. C 3. 4. 8 5. 9 A

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