2023年專升本英語(yǔ)考前知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
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專升本英語(yǔ)里那些介詞知識(shí)
介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。
介詞分為三種,一種是簡(jiǎn)單介詞,如 at, in, on, beside, to , for等;另一種是短語(yǔ)介詞,即由兩個(gè)以上的詞組組成的短語(yǔ),如 in front of, because of, out of, instead of 等;
還有一種叫二重介詞,如 until、after、from、behind 等。
一、介詞的句法功能
介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份,表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。
1、作定語(yǔ):The book on the table is mine.
This is his reply to your letter. 這是他給你的回信。
This is the best way of doing it. 這是做此事最好的方法。
2、作狀語(yǔ):We have breakfast at seven.(表時(shí)間);
They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因);
They started the machine by pressing the button.(表方法) Don’t touch it with your hands. 別用手去摸它。
Did you do this by design or by accident? 你這樣做是有意的還是無(wú)意的?
3、作表語(yǔ):My dictionary is in the bag.
4、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):I found him in the office.
I found everything in good condition. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)一切正常。Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。
專升本英語(yǔ)里那些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to, need, dare, had better, would rather 等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于助動(dòng)詞,不
能單獨(dú)使用,必須再接動(dòng)詞原型。
1.can, could 表示能力、允許、客觀可能性。
注意:表能力時(shí) could 是 can 的過(guò)去式;允許時(shí) could 比 can 更委婉,表客觀可能性時(shí) could 可能性比 can 小。eg:She is only four, but she can read.
This sort of thing can't go on. I couldn't follow her speech. Could you lend me your bike?
Fire can't destroy gold.真金不怕火練
2.may, might 表示允許、猜測(cè)。
【注意】表允許時(shí) might 比 may 更委婉;表客觀可能性時(shí) might 可能性 比 may 小 。eg:The dialect of one province may be quite different from that of the next one.
Students may not stay out after midnight without written permission. (stay out 在外邊待的很晚)
He asked his mother if he might go out to play.
"May | open the window?" "Yes, please./ Please don't./ No, you
mustn't." (mustn't“不許、不準(zhǔn)”)
3.must
1)表示可能性"肯定"、“準(zhǔn)是” ,其否定形式是 can't
2)表示'必須"。must 只用在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一 般將來(lái)時(shí),此時(shí)must=have/has to,而 have to 可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)。否定形式needn't
3)mustn't 表示"千萬(wàn)不要"、"一定不要”。eg:He must be a student. Teachers always tell us we must do everything step by step.
--Must I go tomorrow?
--No, you needn't (yes, l'm afraid so. must 一般疑問(wèn)句的否定 needn't 來(lái)回答)
You mustn't talk like that to your parents
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